Journal of
Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics
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ISSN: 1690-4524 (Online)


Peer Reviewed Journal via three different mandatory reviewing processes, since 2006, and, from September 2020, a fourth mandatory peer-editing has been added.

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Published by
The International Institute of Informatics and Cybernetics


Re-Published in
Academia.edu
(A Community of about 40.000.000 Academics)


Honorary Editorial Advisory Board's Chair
William Lesso (1931-2015)

Editor-in-Chief
Nagib C. Callaos


Sponsored by
The International Institute of
Informatics and Systemics

www.iiis.org
 

Editorial Advisory Board

Quality Assurance

Editors

Journal's Reviewers
Call for Special Articles
 

Description and Aims

Submission of Articles

Areas and Subareas

Information to Contributors

Editorial Peer Review Methodology

Integrating Reviewing Processes


A Sign Language Learning Application for Children with Hearing Difficulties
Kuniomi Shibata, Akira Hattori, Sayaka Matsumoto
(pages: 1-6)

An Experience Mapping Method for Delayed Understanding in STEM Education
Masaaki Kunigami, Takamasa Kikuchi, Takao Terano
(pages: 7-16)

Refining the Art of Judgment Education: Evaluation of an Educational Case Study on Making Judgments About the Pros and Cons of COVID-19 Vaccination During the Pandemic
Ariyoshi Kusumi, Yasukazu Hama
(pages: 17-22)

A New Digital Culture in Architecture and Engineering Design Classes with Technological Advances
Mozart Joaquim Magalhães Vidigal, Renata Maria Abrantes Baracho, Marcelo Franco Porto
(pages: 23-28)

Using Federated Learning for Collaborative Intrusion Detection Systems
Matteo Rizzato, Youssef Laarouchi, Christophe Geissler
(pages: 29-36)

Design and Development of an Application for the Generation of Garment Patterns Based on Body Measurements Using CNN
Geraldine Curipaco, Jeiel Tarazona, Daniel Subauste
(pages: 37-46)

Data-Driven Security Measurements to Improve Safety in NYC and NJ Mass Transit
Nithya Nalluri, Michael Bsales, Christie Nelson
(pages: 47-55)

A Review on Security and Privacy of Smart Cities
Abdulhakim Alsaiari, Mohammad Ilyas
(pages: 56-62)

Use of Audience Response Systems to Enhance Student Engagement in Online Synchronous Environments: An Exploratory Study
Trevor Nesbit, Angela Martin
(pages: 63-68)


 

Abstracts

 


ABSTRACT


Toll Roads Distribution in The United States

Qing Zhu, Fengxiang Qiao, Lei Yu


A toll road (or toll way, turnpike, pike, or toll highway) is a roadway where drivers pay tolls (i.e. fees) for the use. In addition to fuel tax or general tax funds, toll collection is an alternative source of revenue generation [1]. Decision makings of a toll road may depend on a lot of factors such as regional economics, local and national policies, and even population density. It is an interesting phenomenon that there are more toll roads in the eastern part of The United States than in the western part. However, there is no discussion and analysis about this unbalanced distribution, not to say to explore the reasons behind. This paper aims to find out if it is really true that there are more toll roads in the eastern part of the U.S. than in the western part, and the reasons for national toll roads distribution through different analytical angles. The result can help in the perfection of national and state roadway network and toll roads designs in U.S., which will also be beneficial to the development and improvement of toll roads and modern highway system in developing countries and other developed countries.

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